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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
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The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
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Long-lasting semantic interference effects in object naming are not necessarily conceptually mediated.

Emma Riley1, Katie L McMahon2, Greig de Zubicaray1

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

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|May 23, 2015
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Summary

Semantic context effects in spoken word production differ between continuous and blocked tasks. Findings suggest distinct origins for interference effects in conceptual versus lexical processing, impacting models of language production.

Keywords:
language productionlexical retrievalsemantic interference

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience of Language

Background:

  • Long-lasting interference effects are observed in picture naming when objects appear in categorically related contexts.
  • Context effects are less consistent in semantic classification tasks compared to picture naming.
  • Previous research shows cumulative facilitation in continuous paradigms with superordinate categorization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin of semantic context effects in spoken word production across different experimental paradigms.
  • To differentiate between conceptual and lexical levels of representation in language production.
  • To examine interference effects using novel stimuli varying in both category and age.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized continuous and blocked cyclic paradigms for presenting categorically related object pictures.
  • Employed picture naming and semantic classification (living/non-living, younger/older) tasks.
  • Developed novel stimuli with controlled categorical and age-related semantic features.

Main Results:

  • Cumulative facilitation observed in a continuous paradigm with living/non-living categorization (Experiment 1).
  • Typical interference effect found in basic-level picture naming using age-varying stimuli in a blocked paradigm (Experiment 2).
  • No semantic context effects observed in younger-older classification within the blocked paradigm (Experiment 3).

Conclusions:

  • Semantic context effects in continuous and blocked paradigms likely originate from different processing levels.
  • Continuous paradigm effects may stem from conceptual or conceptual-to-lexical connections.
  • Blocked paradigm effects are more likely rooted in lexical-level representations, challenging unified accounts of interference.