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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
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Hepatitis C virus and autoimmunity.

Barbara C Böckle1, Norbert T Sepp1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

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|May 23, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently causes autoimmune-driven extrahepatic manifestations in about 60% of patients. This review categorizes these conditions based on their underlying autoimmune pathogenetic processes.

Keywords:
Autoimmune mechanismExtrahepatic manifestationsHepatitis CLymphomaMixed cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hepatology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is linked to numerous extrahepatic manifestations.
  • Approximately 60% of individuals with HCV develop at least one extrahepatic condition.
  • Many of these conditions appear to stem from autoimmune processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize the extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis C virus infection.
  • To elucidate the autoimmune mechanisms underlying these manifestations.
  • To classify these diseases based on their primary pathogenetic process.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Hepatitis C virus and extrahepatic manifestations.
  • Categorization of diseases based on pathogenetic mechanisms (B-cell, T-cell, complex autoimmune).
  • Analysis of autoimmune triggers such as autoantibody production and autoreactive T cells.

Main Results:

  • Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with a wide range of extrahepatic conditions.
  • Autoimmune mechanisms, including autoantibodies and T-cell responses, are key drivers.
  • Extrahepatic manifestations are grouped into B-cell-mediated, T-cell-mediated, and complex autoimmune systemic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis C virus-associated extrahepatic manifestations are common and largely autoimmune.
  • Understanding the pathogenetic categories aids in diagnosing and managing these conditions.
  • Further research into the specific autoimmune pathways is warranted.