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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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The immune...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Pearls in autoimmunity.

Jozélio Freire de Carvalho1, Rosa Maria Rodrigues Pereira1, Yehuda Shoenfeld2

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Auto- Immunity Highlights
|May 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This review covers key 2009 research in autoimmunity, focusing on multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and autoimmune thyroid disorders. It highlights genetic links, environmental factors like vitamin D, and novel therapeutic approaches.

Keywords:
AutoantibodiesAutoimmunityDiabetesMultiple sclerosisThyroid disordersVitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autoimmunity Reviews, Journal of Autoimmunity, and Autoimmunity published significant research in 2009.
  • Key areas included multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Emerging research focused on genetic predispositions, environmental triggers, and advanced diagnostic techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review frequent topics published in major autoimmunity journals during 2009.
  • To synthesize current understanding of genetic and environmental factors in autoimmune diseases.
  • To highlight advancements in diagnostic profiling and therapeutic strategies for autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of articles published between January and December 2009.
  • Categorization of research into key autoimmune disease areas.
  • Analysis of specific topics including genetic polymorphisms, autoantibodies, and cytokine involvement.

Main Results:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) research explored links with Epstein-Barr virus, vitamin D, and new treatments.
  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) studies focused on genetic discoveries, autoantigens (GAD65, IA-2), and associations with other autoimmune diseases.
  • Research also covered autoimmune thyroid disorders, multiplex autoantibody profiling in MS and rheumatoid arthritis, Th17 cytokines, and vitamin D's role in experimental models.

Conclusions:

  • The year 2009 saw significant progress in understanding the genetic and environmental underpinnings of various autoimmune diseases.
  • Multiplex autoantibody profiling and cytokine research (Th17) are emerging as crucial diagnostic and pathogenic tools.
  • Vitamin D's role warrants further investigation across multiple autoimmune conditions and experimental models.