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Related Concept Videos

Bullying02:04

Bullying

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A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
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Aggression01:47

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Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
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Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation01:21

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Affiliation motivation is the intrinsic desire to connect with others and belong to a social group, which plays a crucial role in forming and maintaining personal relationships. This type of motivation is essential for psychological well-being, as it provides individuals with a sense of community and support. An example of this is a student who joins a study group in order to feel a sense of connection. People with high affiliation motivation actively seek social approval, take satisfaction in...
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Conduct Disorder01:28

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Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
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Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences01:28

Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences

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Social behavior is a complex phenomenon that arises from the interaction between biological predispositions and environmental influences. This intricate interplay shapes how individuals think, feel, and act in various social contexts. Understanding these mechanisms requires insights from psychology, neuroscience, genetics, and evolutionary theory.Environmental Influences on Social BehaviorEnvironmental factors, including temperature, odors, and visual stimuli, play a crucial role in shaping...
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Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings01:29

Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

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Other adult family members and siblings play a crucial role in shaping children’s social and emotional development. While parents or primary caregivers are often the central figures in early attachment and socialization, other adults in a child’s life, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles, can significantly influence developmental outcomes. These influences depend on each adult’s personality and may help compensate when a primary caregiver is emotionally distant or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
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The developmental relation between aggressive behaviour and prosocial behaviour: A 5-year longitudinal study.

Ingrid Obsuth1, Manuel P Eisner1, Tina Malti2

  • 1Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Sidgwick Site, Cambridge, CB3 9DA UK.

BMC Psychology
|May 23, 2015
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Summary

Children's aggressive behavior predicts future decreases in prosocial behavior, but not vice versa. Peer difficulties significantly mediate this relationship, especially in early school years.

Keywords:
Aggressive behaviourChildhoodLongitudinal studyPeer difficultiesProsocial behaviour

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Behavior Studies

Background:

  • Aggressive and prosocial behaviors are vital for children's social-emotional development and adaptation.
  • Previous research indicates links between these behaviors and later maladaptation.
  • The longitudinal interplay between aggressive and prosocial behavior remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional, cross-lagged associations between aggressive and prosocial behaviors in children.
  • To examine the mediating role of peer difficulties in this relationship over time.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of a diverse sample (N=1,334) of girls and boys aged 7 to 11.
  • Utilized multi-informant reports (teachers, parents, self-reports) to assess behaviors.
  • Employed cross-lagged panel models to analyze developmental trajectories.

Main Results:

  • Aggressive behavior at one age predicted a decrease in prosocial behavior one year later.
  • Prosocial behavior did not predict subsequent changes in aggressive behavior.
  • Peer difficulties significantly mediated the link between aggressive and prosocial behavior, particularly in early school years.

Conclusions:

  • Findings highlight the unidirectional predictive nature of aggression on prosocial behavior.
  • Peer difficulties are a crucial factor in understanding this developmental pathway.
  • Results inform targeted interventions for reducing childhood aggression.