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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
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Bone-immune cell crosstalk: bone diseases.

Giorgio Mori1, Patrizia D'Amelio2, Roberta Faccio3

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy.

Journal of Immunology Research
|May 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune cells significantly impact bone health, influencing diseases like osteoporosis and arthritis. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing new treatments to improve bone conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Orthopedics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Bone diseases cause significant morbidity, necessitating improved understanding for better bone health.
  • Immune cell-derived molecules are increasingly recognized for their role in modulating bone cell activity.
  • The precise mechanisms linking immune cells to bone pathology remain incompletely elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of bone diseases involving immune cells.
  • To provide a comprehensive review of the interplay between immune responses and bone health.
  • To highlight key molecular pathways affected by immune cells in bone disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on immune cell involvement in bone diseases.
  • Analysis of pathogenic mechanisms in specific skeletal conditions.
  • Synthesis of current research on immune-mediated bone remodeling.

Main Results:

  • Identified critical roles of immune mediators in periodontal disease, psoriatic arthritis, and osteoporosis.
  • Detailed the impact of immune cells in metastatic bone disease and multiple myeloma.
  • Highlighted shared and distinct immune-driven pathways across various bone pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Immune cell activity is a central factor in the pathogenesis of numerous bone diseases.
  • Targeting immune pathways presents a promising therapeutic strategy for improving bone health.
  • Further research into immune-bone interactions is essential for clinical advancements.