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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Membrane Fluidity01:26

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
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Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature01:27

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Microorganisms display remarkable adaptations, enabling them to thrive in diverse ecological niches across a wide range of temperatures. Temperature profoundly influences microbial growth by affecting enzymatic activity, membrane fluidity, and other cellular processes.Each microorganism operates within a specific temperature range defined by three cardinal points: minimum, optimum, and maximum. Below the minimum temperature, membranes lose fluidity, halting transport processes. Above the...
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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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The Arrhenius equation,
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Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer
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Turning up the heat on membrane fluidity.

Weiwei Fan1, Ronald M Evans2

  • 1Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

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|May 23, 2015
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Summary

Cells adapt membrane fluidity to temperature changes. A heat-induced enzyme controls lipid saturation by regulating a desaturase, maintaining cell membrane function.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cellular membranes must maintain fluidity across temperatures.
  • Temperature fluctuations pose a challenge to membrane integrity and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms cells use to regulate membrane fluidity in response to heat.
  • To identify key regulators involved in maintaining membrane homeostasis under thermal stress.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptional analysis
  • Enzyme activity assays
  • Lipidomic profiling

Main Results:

  • A novel regulatory circuit was identified, involving a heat-induced acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
  • This enzyme transcriptionally regulates a lipid desaturase.
  • The acyl-CoA dehydrogenase controls cellular membrane fluidity by modulating lipid saturation levels.

Conclusions:

  • Cells employ a sophisticated regulatory mechanism to adapt membrane fluidity to temperature.
  • Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase plays a critical role in heat acclimation by controlling lipid desaturase activity.