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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

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In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
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Updated: Apr 12, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Genuine Multipartite Entanglement without Multipartite Correlations.

Christian Schwemmer^1,2, Lukas Knips^1,2, Minh Cong Tran³

¹Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.

Physical Review Letters

|May 23, 2015

Summary

Quantum entanglement is key to quantum physics and information. Researchers found genuinely multipartite entangled states lacking multipartite correlations, challenging classical descriptions and violating Bell inequalities.

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Area of Science:

Quantum Physics
Quantum Information Science

Background:

Entanglement is a fundamental quantum phenomenon crucial for quantum information applications.
Nonclassical correlations are typically considered essential for multipartite entanglement.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a general construction principle for n-particle states that are genuinely entangled without exhibiting n-partite correlations.
To experimentally implement and analyze the properties of these unique quantum states.

Main Methods:

Developing a novel construction principle for specific n-particle quantum states.
Conducting a multiphoton experiment to create and observe these states.
Analyzing the quantum correlations and Bell inequality violations of the implemented states.

Main Results:

Successfully constructed and experimentally realized n-particle states that are genuinely multipartite entangled despite lacking n-partite correlations.
Demonstrated that these states violate Bell inequalities, confirming their non-classical nature.
Showcased that multipartite correlations are not a prerequisite for genuine multipartite entanglement.

Conclusions:

Genuine multipartite entanglement can exist in the absence of multipartite correlations.
These findings challenge the conventional understanding of entanglement and its relationship with correlations.
The demonstrated states provide a new resource for quantum information processing and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics.