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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pelvic Prolapse Treatment with a Non-Mesh Approach using Laparoscopic Pectopexy
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IUD String Perforation Through Anterior Cervix: A Case Report.

Wendy V Norman1, Danielle Stothart2

  • 1Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC; Women's Health Research Institute, Contraception Access Research Team, British Columbia Women's Hospital, Vancouver BC.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal D'Obstetrique Et Gynecologie Du Canada : JOGC
|May 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Intrauterine device (IUD) strings rarely emerge from cervical tissue. This case highlights a rare presentation of IUD strings perforating the ectocervix, requiring specific removal techniques.

Keywords:
IUDIUSanterior cervical lipintrauterine deviceintrauterine systemlevonorgestrel-releasing IUSmissing IUDmissing IUD stringsstringsthreads

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Area of Science:

  • Contraception
  • Gynecology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a popular reversible contraception method in Canada.
  • IUD strings are typically not visible or are within the endocervical canal.
  • Rarely, IUD strings may be visible but not properly located.

Observation:

  • A 26-year-old woman presented for levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system removal.
  • The IUD had been in place for over a year.
  • Strings were observed emerging from cervical tissue, 10 mm above the external os.

Findings:

  • This case describes a rare instance of IUD strings perforating the ectocervix.
  • The patient was asymptomatic at the time of presentation.
  • The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system strings were found embedded in the cervical stroma.

Implications:

  • Management requires specific techniques for IUD string retrieval.
  • Understanding potential IUD malposition is crucial for healthcare providers.
  • This presentation underscores the importance of thorough examination during IUD removal.