Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

7.6K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
7.6K
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

1.3K
During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
1.3K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

11.2K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
11.2K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

11.9K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
11.9K
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

1.7K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.7K
Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

12.3K
Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
12.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

Optical myopia control interventions: Evaluation of methods and success in a real-world population.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same author

The prevalence and costs of optical correction for childhood myopia in Scotland.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2025
Same author

Impact of myopia management university-based learning on self-reported clinical practice.

Clinical & experimental optometry·2025
Same author

Absolute Risks and Decision Tools for Communicating the Risks of Visual Impairment From Myopia-Related Diseases.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2025
Same author

Perceptions and Barriers to Accessing Myopia Management in the UK.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Erratum: Leptonic Decay of the ϒ(1S) Meson at Third Order in QCD [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 151801 (2014)].

Physical review letters·2025
Same journal

Comparison of neutralization and disinfection kinetics in povidone iodine- and hydrogen peroxide-based soft contact lens care solutions.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same journal

Agreement between ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer metrics from widefield optical coherence tomography and Goldmann II, III, and V in glaucoma.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same journal

Repeatability of SpotChecks contrast sensitivity test in macular disease.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same journal

Reflections on emerging therapies for inherited retinal diseases following a community education event: A qualitative exploration.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same journal

Influence of corneal endothelial cell density after penetrating keratoplasty on contact lens induced corneal swelling.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

768

Is Pupil Diameter Influenced by Refractive Error?

Janis B Orr1, Dirk Seidel, Mhairi Day

  • 1*PhD Department of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (JBO); and Department of Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom (DS, MD, LSG).

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|May 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pupil diameter is not affected by refractive error, even with corrective lenses or varying visual demands. The pupillary light reflex, not retinal blur, primarily controls pupil size.

More Related Videos

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

3.5K
Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

768
Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

3.5K
Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Pupil diameter is influenced by light, but its relationship with refractive error and accommodation is not fully understood.
  • Understanding these relationships is crucial for accurate vision assessment and correction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between pupil diameter and refractive error.
  • To determine how refractive correction, target luminance, and accommodation modulate this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty subjects with emmetropia, myopia, or hyperopia were recruited.
  • Pupil diameter and accommodation were measured using a photorefractor under varying luminance and vergence conditions, with and without refractive correction.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in pupil diameter was observed between refractive groups.
  • Pupil diameter decreased with increasing luminance, independent of refractive error or vergence.
  • Accommodation response varied with refractive error and vergence, but showed no correlation with pupil diameter.

Conclusions:

  • Refractive error does not influence pupil diameter, regardless of correction or accommodative demand.
  • Pupil size is primarily controlled by the pupillary light reflex, not retinal blur.