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Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness
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Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness

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Subchondral bone and osteoarthritis.

Thomas Funck-Brentano1, Martine Cohen-Solal

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, INSERM UMR-1132, Lariboisière Hospital and Universite[Combining Acute Accent] Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cite[Combining Acute Accent], Paris, France.

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|May 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subchondral bone changes are key in osteoarthritis development and progression. Early detection of bone remodeling can predict symptoms and guide treatment with bone-acting drugs.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Rheumatology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasingly recognized as a disease involving multiple joint tissues, including bone.
  • The subchondral bone, located beneath the cartilage, plays a crucial role in OA pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest basic and clinical research on the role of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis.
  • To highlight the predictive value of early bone changes in OA progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent basic and clinical research findings.
  • Analysis of clinical studies utilizing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
  • Examination of experimental studies on bone remodeling under mechanical loading.

Main Results:

  • Subchondral bone alterations can precede cartilage lesions and predict OA symptoms or structural progression.
  • Evidence shows a strong association between subchondral bone mineral density and OA.
  • Bone remodeling is critical under mechanical stress, influencing OA development.

Conclusions:

  • Subchondral bone is not merely a passive responder but an active participant in osteoarthritis.
  • Early detection of bone changes using advanced imaging and biomarkers is crucial for OA management.
  • Stratifying OA patients based on bone phenotype may enable targeted therapies with bone-acting drugs to improve outcomes.