Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

732
Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
732
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

1.9K
Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
1.9K
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

1.4K
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
1.4K
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

1.8K
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
1.8K
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

2.4K
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
2.4K
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

1.4K
Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Psychometric properties of the German Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale 39 generic version.

European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine·2025
Same author

Head position control strategies in progressive Supranuclear Palsy versus Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease during dynamic-on-static platform tilt.

Frontiers in neurology·2025
Same author

Predicting Overall Survival of Glioblastoma Patients Using Deep Learning Classification Based on MRIs.

Studies in health technology and informatics·2024
Same author

Age Estimation and Gender Attribution in Typically Developing Children and Children With Dysarthria.

American journal of speech-language pathology·2024
Same author

Profiles of Dysarthria: Clinical Assessment and Treatment.

Brain sciences·2024
Same author

Clinical Practice in Childhood Dysarthria: An Online Survey of German-Speaking Speech-Language Pathologists.

American journal of speech-language pathology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

8.2K

How Does GPi-DBS Affect Speech in Primary Dystonia?

Verena Risch1, Anja Staiger1, Wolfram Ziegler1

  • 1Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group (EKN), Städtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Klinikum Schwabing (Haus 19, 2. Stock), Kölner Platz 1, 80804 München, Germany(1).

Brain Stimulation
|May 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation (GPi-DBS) for dystonia does not necessarily worsen speech. While some patients may experience mild impairments or stuttering, others show speech benefits, including for spasmodic dysphonia.

Keywords:
Basal gangliaDeep brain stimulationDystoniaSpasmodic dysphoniaSpeechStuttering

More Related Videos

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
11:12

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Published on: July 16, 2014

23.3K
Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
08:25

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

8.2K
Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
11:12

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Published on: July 16, 2014

23.3K
Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
08:25

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation (GPi-DBS) is a recognized treatment for primary dystonia.
  • Speech disorders are potential side effects of GPi-DBS, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate speech changes in patients with primary dystonia undergoing GPi-DBS.
  • To differentiate between general speech impairments and stimulation-induced effects.

Main Methods:

  • Speech was assessed in 15 patients with predominant torticollis and GPi-DBS, comparing ON-DBS and OFF-DBS conditions.
  • Analyses included perceptual scales, acoustic measures, intelligibility, and naturalness ratings.
  • A control group of 15 healthy speakers underwent identical speech assessments.

Main Results:

  • Group-level analysis revealed mild, significant speech impairments (dysarthria, intelligibility, naturalness) in dystonia patients, irrespective of stimulation status.
  • No significant stimulation-induced speech deterioration was observed; a slight increase in articulation rate occurred with ON-DBS.
  • Individual patient responses varied, with some showing speech deterioration or stuttering aggravation, while one experienced benefits for spasmodic dysphonia.

Conclusions:

  • Speech impairment is not an inevitable side effect of GPi-DBS in primary dystonia.
  • While stuttering recurrence and dysarthria worsening can occur in specific cases, GPi-DBS may benefit spasmodic dysphonia symptoms.
  • Further research is warranted on GPi-DBS for spasmodic dysphonia, as it's not a standard application.