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Microbial Source Tracking in Adjacent Karst Springs.

Shoshanit Ohad1, Dalit Vaizel-Ohayon2, Meir Rom2

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Microbial source tracking (MST) identified varied fecal contamination in karst springs, revealing direct human waste exposure and agricultural runoff impacts. Sampling design is crucial for understanding environmental contamination subtleties.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Water quality assessment
  • Ecological interactions

Background:

  • Modern environments exhibit complex ecological interactions.
  • Microbial source tracking (MST) provides advanced tools to identify fecal contamination origins.
  • Karst springs are vital water sources susceptible to contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess karst spring vulnerability to diverse fecal sources using MST quantitative PCR (qPCR).
  • To differentiate contamination profiles through dual-time monitoring (monthly and during rainfall).
  • To integrate data for improved identification of spring susceptibility to host fecal contamination.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized MST quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays targeting human, bovine, and swine markers.
  • Implemented a dual-time monitoring strategy: monthly and daily during rainfall events.
  • Integrated data from both monitoring frames to analyze MST profiles.

Main Results:

  • Three proximate springs displayed distinct MST profiles.
  • Giach spring showed moderate MST marker fluctuations; Zuf spring exhibited a significant rise in the GenBac3 marker during wet conditions.
  • Human fecal contamination was detected during dry seasons, suggesting septic system influence, while ruminant and swine markers indicated intermittent agricultural runoff, particularly during wet periods.

Conclusions:

  • MST effectively delineates subtle fecal contamination sources in karst springs.
  • Sampling design, encompassing both routine and event-based monitoring, is critical for accurate assessment.
  • Karst springs are susceptible to both direct human waste and indirect agricultural contamination, necessitating targeted management strategies.