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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

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The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History01:21

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

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The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
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Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

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In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
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Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
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Lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Jalesh N Panicker1, Clare J Fowler1

  • 1Department of Uroneurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|May 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction, common in multiple sclerosis (MS), significantly impacts quality of life. Management involves assessing symptoms, postvoid residual volume (PVR), and employing treatments like intermittent self-catheterization or medications for overactive bladder.

Keywords:
antimuscarinicsbotulinum toxin neurostimulationdetrusor overactivityincontinencemultiple sclerosisoveractive bladder

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Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction is a prevalent complication in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Dysfunction often stems from spinal cord lesions, leading to detrusor overactivity and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia.
  • LUT symptoms can evolve with the disease course, necessitating ongoing monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the commonality and impact of LUT dysfunction in MS.
  • To describe the diagnostic approach and management strategies for LUT dysfunction in MS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Formal evaluation includes medical history, postvoid residual volume (PVR) measurement, urinalysis, and urodynamic studies when indicated.
  • Management strategies are tailored based on PVR levels and overactive bladder symptoms.
  • A stepwise therapeutic approach is utilized.

Main Results:

  • Elevated PVR indicates incomplete bladder emptying, managed effectively with intermittent self-catheterization.
  • Overactive bladder can be treated with antimuscarinics, desmopressin, tibial nerve stimulation, or botulinum toxin A.
  • A structured, stepwise approach guides treatment decisions.

Conclusions:

  • LUT dysfunction is a significant and dynamic issue in MS requiring regular assessment.
  • Effective management strategies exist, ranging from self-catheterization to pharmacotherapy and neuromodulation.
  • A stepwise approach ensures comprehensive care for MS-related LUT dysfunction.