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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
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Multiple non-coding exons and alternative splicing in the mouse Mas protooncogene.

Natalia Alenina1, Ilka Böhme2, Michael Bader3

  • 1Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13092 Berlin-Buch, Germany; Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), ICB, 6627 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

Gene
|May 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The Mas protooncogene, a G protein-coupled receptor, exhibits complex gene structure with 12 exons and multiple promoters. This complexity generates diverse Mas transcripts, crucial for its function in the brain and testis.

Keywords:
G protein-coupled receptorMas gene structureTissue-specific promoter

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The Mas protooncogene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor involved in cellular signaling.
  • Mas is primarily expressed in the brain and testis and functions as an angiotensin-(1-7) receptor.
  • Previous studies indicated transcriptional regulation but lacked detailed structural information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complete gene structure and organization of the mouse Mas protooncogene.
  • To identify regulatory elements controlling Mas transcription and mRNA processing.
  • To characterize the complexity of Mas gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • 5' and 3'-RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends)
  • RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction)
  • RNase protection assays

Main Results:

  • Identified 12 exons in the Mas gene, with alternative splicing in the 5' untranslated region.
  • Discovered four tissue-specific promoters regulating Mas transcription in the brain and testis.
  • Characterized at least 12 distinct Mas transcripts due to alternative splicing and promoter usage.
  • Identified two polyadenylation signals controlling Mas mRNA termination.
  • The Mas gene spans approximately 27 kb, with the longest mRNA at 2,451 bp.

Conclusions:

  • The Mas protooncogene possesses a highly complex gene structure, the most intricate among known G protein-coupled receptor family members.
  • Alternative splicing and multiple promoter usage contribute to generating diverse Mas transcripts with distinct 5' untranslated regions.
  • This structural complexity underlies the regulated expression and function of the Mas receptor in key tissues like the brain and testis.