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Updated: Apr 12, 2026

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Synthesis of C-5″ and C-6″-modified α-GalCer analogues as iNKT-cell agonists
Joren Guillaume1, Nora Pauwels1, Sandrine Aspeslagh2
1Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
Abstract:
Alpha-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer) is a prototypical synthetic ligand of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Upon presentation by the MHC class I-like molecule CD1d, this glycolipid stimulates iNKT cells to secrete a vast amount of both pro-inflammatory Th1 and anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines. Recently, we discovered that selected 6″-modified α-GalCer analogues may produce markedly Th1-biased responses due to the formation of either an additional anchor with CD1d or by establishing extra interactions with the T-cell receptor of iNKT cells. Here, we report a practical synthesis towards 6″-O-carbamate and galacturonamide analogues of α-GalCer and their evaluation as iNKT cell agonists in mice.
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