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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
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Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

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Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
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Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

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Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

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After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

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Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either...
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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
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Mass transport model through the skin by microencapsulation system.

Núria Carreras1, Cristina Alonso, Meritxell Martí

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia , Barcelona , Spain .

Journal of Microencapsulation
|May 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed an in vitro method to profile ibuprofen microcapsule skin penetration. The kinetic model accurately predicts drug diffusion through skin layers from biofunctional textiles.

Keywords:
Biofunctional textileibuprofenin vitro skin deliverymicroencapsulation

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Transdermal drug delivery utilizes chemical and physical methods to enhance skin permeability.
  • Microencapsulated systems offer potential for controlled drug release and improved skin penetration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an in vitro technique for profiling the skin penetration of a microencapsulated ibuprofen system.
  • To apply a kinetic model for predicting drug diffusion through skin from biofunctional textiles.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro percutaneous absorption tests were conducted on microencapsulated ibuprofen.
  • Drug release and penetration into different skin compartments were monitored over time.
  • A mass transport kinetic model was applied to the microencapsulated system.

Main Results:

  • The study successfully developed a skin penetration profile for microencapsulated ibuprofen.
  • The kinetic model accurately predicted the penetration profile of encapsulated substances.
  • Apparent diffusion coefficients were determined: 1.20 × 10⁻⁷ cm/s (stratum corneum) and 6.67 × 10⁻⁶ cm/s (rest of skin).

Conclusions:

  • The developed in vitro method and kinetic model are effective for evaluating transdermal drug delivery systems.
  • This approach can predict drug diffusion and estimate dosage from biofunctional textiles.
  • Understanding diffusion coefficients is crucial for designing effective microencapsulated transdermal therapies.