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Related Concept Videos

Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions01:27

Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions

470
Phase I biotransformation reductive reactions are chemical processes that modify drugs by introducing or revealing polar functional groups via reduction. Enzymes called reductases catalyze these reactions, playing a pivotal role in drug metabolism by transforming lipophilic drugs into more polar, water-soluble metabolites for easy excretion. An essential type of reductive reaction is the carbonyl group reduction, where aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alcohols. An example is the...
470
Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

11.9K
Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
11.9K
Carboxylic Acids to Primary Alcohols: Hydride Reduction01:17

Carboxylic Acids to Primary Alcohols: Hydride Reduction

4.5K
Carboxylic acids, upon reaction with strong reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride followed by hydrolysis, undergo reduction to form primary alcohols.
4.5K
Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

8.9K
Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
8.9K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.8K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.8K
Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones: Introduction01:23

Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones: Introduction

8.6K
Protecting groups are compounds that can bind to a specific functional group in the presence of other functional groups to protect them from undesired chemical reactions. These compounds can selectively bind to particular functional groups and advance chemoselective reactions in polyfunctional systems (Figure 1). After the functional group has served its purpose, it is removed by reacting it with specific compounds.
8.6K

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Related Experiment Videos

Reduction corporoplasty.

Tariq S Hakky1, Daniel Martinez1, Christopher Yang1

  • 1Department of Urology and Division of Andrology, University of South Florida, FL, USA.

International Braz J Urol : Official Journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology
|May 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduction corporoplasty effectively corrects phallic disfigurement caused by aneurysmal dilation of the corpora. This surgical technique offers a safe and feasible solution for patients with this condition.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Surgical techniques
  • Genitourinary reconstructive surgery

Background:

  • Aneurysmal dilation of the corpora can lead to significant phallic disfigurement.
  • Standard surgical management for this condition is not well-established in medical literature.

Observation:

  • A 17-year-old male with a history of sickle cell disease and priapism presented with phallic disfigurement due to corporal aneurysms.
  • The patient underwent reduction corporoplasty utilizing bilateral elliptical incisions over the lateral corpora.

Findings:

  • The surgical procedure was well-tolerated by the patient.
  • Successful resolution of the corporal disfigurement was achieved post-operatively.

Implications:

  • Reduction corporoplasty with bilateral lateral elliptical incisions represents a safe and feasible surgical option for managing phallic disfigurement.
  • This approach addresses a gap in the surgical management of aneurysmal dilation of the corpora.