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Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Isolation of Leukocytes from Human Breast Milk for Use in an Antibody-dependent Cellular Phagocytosis Assay of HIV Targets
Published on: September 6, 2019
Duration of ruptured membranes and mother-to-child HIV transmission: a prospective population-based surveillance
H Peters1, L Byrne1, A De Ruiter2
1Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Objective:
To investigate the association between duration of rupture of membranes (ROM) and mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) rates in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).
Design:
The National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood (NSHPC) undertakes comprehensive population-based surveillance of HIV in pregnant women and children.
Setting:
UK and Ireland.
Population:
A cohort of 2398 singleton pregnancies delivered vaginally, or by emergency caesarean section, in women on cART in pregnancy during the period 2007-2012 with information on duration of ROM; HIV infection status was available for 1898 infants.
Methods:
Descriptive analysis of NSHPC data.
Main Outcome Measures:
Rates of MTCT.
Results:
In 2116 pregnancies delivered at term, the median duration of ROM was 3 hours 30 minutes (interquartile range, IQR 1-8 hours). The overall MTCT rate for women delivering at term with duration of ROM ≥4 hours was 0.64% compared with 0.34% for ROM <4 hours, with no significant difference between the groups (OR 1.90, 95% CI 0.45-7.97). In women delivering at term with a viral load of <50 copies/ml, there was no evidence of a difference in MTCT rates with duration of ROM ≥4 hours, compared with <4 hours (0.14% for ≥4 hours versus 0.12% for <4 hour; OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.07-18.27). Among infants born preterm with infection status available, there were no transmissions in 163 deliveries where the maternal viral load was <50 copies/ml.
Conclusions:
No association was found between duration of ROM and MTCT in women taking cART.
Tweetable Abstract:
Rupture of membranes of more than 4 hours is not associated with MTCT of HIV in women on effective ART delivering at term.
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