Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Mouse Models of Epididymitis Induced by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
08:30

Mouse Models of Epididymitis Induced by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns

Published on: December 12, 2025

434

Distribution of Epididymal Involvement in Mumps Epididymo-orchitis

Seong Jin Park1, Hyun Cheol Kim2, Joo Won Lim2

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. indawn@hanafos.com.

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
|May 28, 2015
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Sonography reveals focal swelling of the epididymal head in mumps epididymo-orchitis. An epididymal head-to-tail diameter ratio greater than 2.00 is a key diagnostic indicator.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Ultrasound Imaging
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Mumps orchitis is a common complication of mumps in postpubertal males.
  • Epididymal involvement frequently accompanies mumps orchitis, necessitating accurate diagnostic methods.
  • Sonography plays a crucial role in evaluating scrotal pathology, including epididymo-orchitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify characteristic sonographic findings associated with mumps orchitis.
  • To specifically evaluate sonographic features of epididymal involvement in mumps epididymo-orchitis.
  • To determine the diagnostic utility of specific sonographic measurements, such as the epididymal head-to-tail ratio.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 18 male patients (aged 12-18 years) diagnosed with mumps orchitis.
  • Sonographic assessment of testicular and epididymal parameters: volume, echogenicity, vascularity, and diameters.
  • Classification of epididymal involvement into four types (1A, 1B, 1C, and 2) based on swelling and vascularity.
  • Statistical analysis using the Student t test to compare affected and contralateral sides and evaluate the head-to-tail ratio.

Main Results:

  • Orchitis was unilateral in 13 patients and bilateral in 5.
  • Epididymal involvement was observed in 13 out of 23 affected hemiscrotums (types 1A, 1B, 1C).
  • Significantly increased epididymal head diameters (P < .001) and head-to-tail ratios (P < .001) were noted on the affected side.
  • A head-to-tail ratio > 2.00 was consistently found in mumps epididymitis (types 1A and 1B) but not in unaffected epididymides.

Conclusions:

  • Focal swelling of the epididymal head is a characteristic sonographic finding in mumps epididymo-orchitis.
  • An epididymal head-to-tail diameter ratio exceeding 2.00 is a valuable sonographic marker for diagnosing mumps epididymitis.
  • Sonographic evaluation of epididymal morphology, particularly the head-to-tail ratio, aids in differentiating mumps-related scrotal inflammation.
Keywords:
acute scrotumepididymisgenitourinary ultrasoundorchitissonographytestis

More Related Videos

Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst03:10

Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst

Published on: March 31, 2023

13.9K
Analysis of Epididymal Protein Synthesis and Secretion10:23

Analysis of Epididymal Protein Synthesis and Secretion

Published on: August 25, 2018

9.9K

Related Concept Videos

Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System01:16

Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System

The accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation include the epididymides, vasa deferentia, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra. These ducts play a critical role in the maturation, storage, and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
The epididymis is a small, comma-shaped organ located at the back of each testicle. The epididymis can be divided into three main parts: the head, body, and tail. The head of the epididymis...
4.7K
Accessory Ducts of the Male Reproductive System01:25

Accessory Ducts of the Male Reproductive System

The male reproductive system is a complex network of organs and tissues that work together to produce and transport sperm. The epididymis, vasa deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra are the accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation. These ducts play a critical role in the production and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
The epididymis is a small, comma-shaped organ located at the back of each testicle....
4.3K
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
137
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
1.7K
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra....
5.5K
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
689