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Programming of Essential Hypertension: What Pediatric Cardiologists Need to Know

Joana Morgado1, Bruno Sanches2, Rui Anjos3

  • 1Pediatrics Department, Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora, Largo Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811, Évora, Portugal. joanamorgado@hotmail.com.

Pediatric Cardiology
|May 28, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Epigenetics offers new insights into hypertension causes beyond genetics. This review explores gene-environment interactions and epigenetic mechanisms in developmental programming of hypertension.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Hypertension is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor with incompletely understood origins.
  • Genetic and environmental factors explain limited variability in cardiovascular disease risk, highlighting a 'missing heritability' challenge.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms are emerging as crucial regulators of blood pressure genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review gene-environmental interactions in the developmental programming of hypertension.
  • To highlight the role of epigenetics in hypertension pathogenesis.
  • To provide pediatricians and cardiologists with an updated understanding of hypertension etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNAs).
  • Analysis of gene-environmental interactions in hypertension development.
  • Synthesis of current research on developmental programming of hypertension.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications play a significant role in regulating genes associated with blood pressure.
  • Gene-environment interactions, influenced by epigenetic factors, contribute to hypertension development.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to addressing the 'missing heritability' in hypertension genetics.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics provides a critical framework for understanding the etiology of hypertension.
  • Further research into epigenetic mechanisms is essential for developing novel prevention and treatment strategies.
  • This review enhances the understanding of hypertension pathogenesis for pediatric specialists.

Keywords:
EnvironmentEpigeneticsGenesHypertension

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