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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Domains01:18

Membrane Domains

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The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
Protein Domains
The membrane comprises a group of distinct proteins responsible for carrying out a cell's specific function. For example, the plasma membrane of the human sperm, or a single germ cell, contains a unique set of proteins in the...
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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with...
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Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

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Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
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Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

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The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
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Fimbriae, Pili, and Axial Filaments01:28

Fimbriae, Pili, and Axial Filaments

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Fimbriae and pili are specialized bacterial surface structures that play pivotal roles in adhesion, genetic exchange, and motility. Composed primarily of pilin protein, these hairlike appendages are crucial for bacterial survival and pathogenicity in various environments.Fimbriae: Adhesion and PathogenicityFimbriae are fine, filamentous structures measuring 2–10 nanometers in diameter and are densely distributed on the bacterial cell surface. They facilitate bacterial adhesion to abiotic...
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Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography
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Raft-like membrane domains in pathogenic microorganisms.

Amir M Farnoud1, Alvaro M Toledo1, James B Konopka1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.

Current Topics in Membranes
|May 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Lipid rafts, membrane microdomains, are crucial in pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Understanding their structure and function can reveal new therapeutic strategies against these microorganisms.

Keywords:
Lipid raftsMicrodomainPathogenPlasma membraneSterol

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plasma membranes are compartmentalized by lipid-protein microdomains.
  • Eukaryotic lipid rafts (sterols and sphingolipids) are well-studied.
  • Microdomains in pathogenic microorganisms are increasingly recognized but poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge of lipid rafts in pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
  • To discuss the role of microdomains in pathogen growth, pathogenesis, and drug resistance.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting raft-mediated processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies characterizing microdomains in pathogenic microorganisms.
  • Analysis of existing data on the composition and function of microbial membrane microdomains.

Main Results:

  • Lipid rafts and similar microdomains are present in pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
  • These microdomains are implicated in essential cellular processes and virulence.
  • Evidence suggests a role in antimicrobial drug resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into microbial membrane microdomains is essential.
  • Understanding lipid rafts in pathogens may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting raft-mediated mechanisms offers a promising avenue for drug development.