Multiple components are required for sequence recognition of the AP1 site in the gibbon ape leukemia virus enhancer

At least two subunits contributed to the formation in vitro of a specific complex binding to the AP1 consensus sequence (TGAGTCA) in the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) enhancer in MLA144 cells. This complex can be dissociated on a monomeric GALV oligonucleotide affinity column. One protein, termed the core protein, was retained on the oligonucleotide affinity column. The second protein flowed through the oligonucleotide affinity column and, when alone, did not bind to DNA; however, when present with the core protein, it bound strongly and very specifically to the GALV sequence. MLA144 cells contained only trace amounts of c-fos and c-jun by immunoblot analysis, suggesting that the proteins specifically binding to the GALV AP1 site were distinct from c-fos and c-jun. In addition to the major complex that recognized the GALV element, MLA144 cells contained a minor complex that is chromatographically different from and antigenically related to c-fos. The factor in the flowthrough complemented a human T-cell nuclear extract (Jurkat cell line), which, when alone, had no assayable complex that specifically bound to the GALV enhancer; this complementation gave rise to a specific complex similar to that seen in MLA144 cells. Together, these results suggest that the GALV enhancer can interact with multicomponent protein complexes in a cell-line-specific manner.