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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Protracted dormancy of pre-leukemic stem cells.

A M Ford1, M B Mansur1,2, C L Furness1

  • 1Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, Sutton, UK.

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|May 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer stem cells can enter dormancy, leading to leukemia relapse years later. This study shows a rare case of childhood leukemia relapsing after 22 years, proving long-term dormancy of leukemia-propagating cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can evade therapy by entering a dormant state.
  • This dormancy allows for potential late recurrence of cancer, even after long periods of remission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genomic basis of a rare leukemia relapse occurring 22 years after initial diagnosis and treatment.
  • To determine if the relapsed leukemia originated from the original clone.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic sequencing of both the primary and relapsed leukemia samples.
  • Analysis of single-nucleotide variants and copy number alterations.
  • Comparison of BCR-ABL1 fusion sequences and immunoglobulin gene rearrangements.

Main Results:

  • The relapsed leukemia, initially B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and later acute myeloblastic leukemia, shared the same BCR-ABL1 fusion and immunoglobulin gene rearrangements as the primary leukemia.
  • All other detected mutations (SNVs and CNAs) were distinct between the diagnostic and relapse samples.
  • This indicates the relapse was derived from the original clone.

Conclusions:

  • Leukemia-propagating cells, likely pre-leukemic stem cells, can remain dormant and reactivate after more than two decades.
  • This case provides unambiguous evidence for the long-term dormancy and potential reactivation of leukemia stem cells.