Foreign Body Abscess Mimicking a Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
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Updated: Apr 11, 2026
An Orthotopic Sciatic Nerve Xenograft for Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Neurofibromas
Published on: October 10, 2025
Johannes Salamon1, Christian Hagel, Reinhard E Friedrich
1From the *Department of Diagnostic Interventional Radiology, †Institute of Neuropathology, Departments of ‡Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, and §Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Abstract:
We report a case of a 47-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type 1 presenting with a growing and painful lesion within the right thigh, suggesting a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. MRI showed a T2-weighted hyperintense lesion with surrounding edema and contrast enhancement. (18)F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated inhomogeneously increased tracer uptake within the right thigh. Histopathologic evaluation revealed a foreign body with purulent fibroinflammatory reaction. (18)F-FDG PET/CT is a highly sensitive tool for detection of malignant transformation in neurofibromatosis type 1, but false-positive findings may be observed in benign lesions, for example, inflammatory processes.
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