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Pneumomediastinum caused by foreign body aspiration in children

E M Burton1, W Riggs, R A Kaufman

  • 1Department of Radiology, LeBonheur Children's Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee.

Pediatric Radiology
|January 1, 1989
PubMed

Insights

Pneumomediastinum (PM) in young children without trauma may indicate foreign body aspiration (FBA). This finding on initial chest X-rays warrants further investigation for FBA in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common pediatric emergency.
  • Pneumomediastinum (PM) is a rare but serious complication of FBA.
  • Early diagnosis of FBA is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between pneumomediastinum and tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in children.
  • To determine the diagnostic value of pneumomediastinum in identifying FBA in young children.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 155 children with tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration.
  • Analysis of initial chest radiographs for the presence of pneumomediastinum.
  • Correlation of pneumomediastinum findings with clinical presentation and bronchoscopy results.

Main Results:

  • Ten out of 155 patients (6.5%) presented with pneumomediastinum on initial chest radiograph.
  • Nine of these ten patients had pneumomediastinum at presentation; one developed it post-bronchoscopy.
  • Pneumomediastinum was observed in children with FBA, suggesting a potential link.

Conclusions:

  • Pneumomediastinum on initial chest radiography in children under two years old, without a history of trauma, should raise suspicion for foreign body aspiration.
  • Radiographic detection of pneumomediastinum can serve as an important clue for further investigation of FBA in this vulnerable age group.

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