Daptomycin: Physicochemical, Analytical, and Pharmacological Properties.
Eliane Gandolpho Tótoli1, Sanjay Garg, Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
1*School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil; and †Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (CPID), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
|May 29, 2015
Summary
Daptomycin, a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, is crucial for treating Gram-positive infections, including resistant strains. This review details its use, pharmacokinetics, and analytical methods, highlighting the need for therapeutic drug monitoring and green analytical approaches.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Microbiology
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Daptomycin is a key cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including resistant strains.
- Its rarity of resistance makes it vital in clinical practice.
- Variable pharmacokinetics necessitate careful monitoring in specific patient groups.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of daptomycin.
- To cover its characteristics, applications, and analytical methods.
- To emphasize therapeutic drug monitoring and the need for green analytical methods.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of daptomycin's properties, clinical use, and analysis.
- Focus on pharmacokinetic variability and therapeutic drug monitoring.
- Discussion of analytical methodologies, including environmentally friendly approaches.
Main Results:
- Daptomycin exhibits selective action against Gram-positive bacteria.
- Pharmacokinetics vary significantly in critical illness, obesity, sepsis, and kidney injury.
- There is a literature gap in green analytical methods for daptomycin analysis.
Conclusions:
- Daptomycin is an important antibiotic, but its use requires careful monitoring.
- Therapeutic drug monitoring is essential for optimizing outcomes in special populations.
- Development of green analytical methods for daptomycin is needed to minimize environmental impact.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Pharmacodynamics: Overview and Principles
4.2K
Pharmacodynamics is a scientific field that delves into drugs' intricate biochemical, cellular, and physiological effects on the human body. The study of pharmacodynamics helps us understand how drugs interact with the body and elicit various responses.
Most drugs' effects result from their interactions with drug receptors or targets within the body. These interactions trigger specific responses at the cellular or systemic level. Drug receptors can be found on the surfaces of cells or...
Most drugs' effects result from their interactions with drug receptors or targets within the body. These interactions trigger specific responses at the cellular or systemic level. Drug receptors can be found on the surfaces of cells or...
4.2K
01:20Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods
971
Pharmacodynamic methods provide insights into a drug's effects on physiological processes over time and play a crucial role in understanding bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. These methods can be broadly classified into acute pharmacological and therapeutic response approaches, each with distinct mechanisms and applications.The acute pharmacological response method directly correlates a drug's physiological effects, such as ECG or pupil diameter changes, to its time course in the body.
971
01:15Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations
349
Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
349
01:27Pharmacodynamic Models: Overview
123
Pharmacodynamic (PD) responses describe the interaction between a drug and its biological target, culminating in a physiological effect. These responses can be classified into different types: continuous variables, such as blood glucose levels; categorical outcomes, like survival rates; and time-to-event metrics, such as disease progression. Understanding and modeling PD responses are critical for optimizing drug efficacy and safety.PD models describe the relationship between drug concentration...
123
01:24Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems
91
The empirical approach to drug therapy optimization relies on correlating pharmacological response with administered dosage. Such an approach can be costly, time-consuming, and often yields poor correlation due to variables like formulation factors and drug elimination characteristics. A more precise approach correlates response with plasma drug concentration or the amount of drug in the body, rather than dosage. This is achieved through pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, which...
91
01:22Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters
1.3K
The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
1.3K