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Interventions for replacing missing teeth: alveolar ridge preservation techniques for dental implant site development
Momen A Atieh1, Nabeel H M Alsabeeha, Alan G T Payne
1Private practice, Burns House Dental Specialists, Level 7, Burns House, 10 George Street, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand, 9016.
The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|May 29, 2015
Summary
Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) techniques show limited evidence of minimizing bone loss after tooth extraction. More long-term studies are needed to compare different ARP methods and their impact on dental implants.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Oral Surgery
- Periodontology
Background:
- Tooth extraction often leads to alveolar bone loss, complicating dental implant placement and prosthodontic rehabilitation.
- Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) techniques aim to mitigate these changes, potentially improving outcomes for implant dentistry.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of various alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) materials and techniques following tooth extraction.
- To compare ARP methods against extraction alone or other ARP interventions in patients needing dental implants.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted.
- Searches included multiple electronic databases and hand-searched journals, with no language or publication date restrictions.
- Included RCTs assessed changes in ridge height and width, complications, need for augmentation, aesthetic outcomes, and implant-related factors, with a minimum six-month follow-up.
Main Results:
- Eight RCTs involving 233 extraction sites were included; most had a high risk of bias.
- Xenografts and allografts showed some evidence of reducing alveolar ridge height and width loss compared to extraction alone (moderate to low quality evidence).
- No significant differences were found between alloplast and xenograft materials for ridge preservation. Insufficient evidence exists for other clinical outcomes like complications or implant failure.
Conclusions:
- Limited evidence suggests ARP techniques can minimize residual ridge height and width reduction six months post-extraction.
- There is a lack of high-quality, long-term data comparing different ARP techniques and their impact on clinical outcomes, including implant success and aesthetics.
- Further well-designed, long-term RCTs adhering to CONSORT guidelines are necessary to provide robust evidence on ARP efficacy.
