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Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...

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PAX6 does not regulate Nfia and Nfib expression during neocortical development.

Jens Bunt¹, Jonathan W C Lim¹, Lu Zhao¹

¹Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.

Scientific Reports

|May 30, 2015

Summary

PAX6 does not regulate Nuclear factor I (NFI) gene expression in the developing mouse neocortex. Studies show NFI expression gradients differ from PAX6, and Pax6 mutations do not alter NFI levels.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Background:

Nuclear factor I (NFI) transcription factors are crucial for central nervous system development.
Reduced NFI expression is linked to neurodevelopmental defects like agenesis of the corpus callosum.
The regulation of NFI expression during early telencephalic development is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of PAX6 as an upstream regulator of NFI expression in the developing neocortex.
To characterize the expression patterns of NFIA and NFIB in the mouse neocortex.
To determine if PAX6 directly influences Nfi gene transcription.

Main Methods:

Analysis of NFIA and NFIB expression gradients in the developing mouse neocortex.
In vitro reporter assays to assess the effect of PAX6 on Nfi promoter activity.
Examination of Nfi mRNA and protein levels in Pax6 mutant mice.

Main Results:

NFIA and NFIB exhibit caudo-medial to rostro-lateral expression gradients in the neocortex, distinct from PAX6 patterns.
PAX6 overexpression did not alter Nfi promoter activity in reporter assays.
Nfi mRNA and protein expression remained unchanged in the neocortical ventricular zone of Pax6 mutant mice.

Conclusions:

PAX6 is not a transcriptional activator of Nfi expression in the developing mouse neocortex.
The expression of NFIA and NFIB is regulated independently of PAX6 during neocortical development.
This study clarifies the regulatory landscape of NFI genes in early brain development.