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Related Concept Videos

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

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The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...
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Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

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The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
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The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin01:28

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Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Endocytosis01:16

Endocytosis

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Eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients for growth and proliferation. Nutrients and other molecules that require degradation are internalized from the extracellular space by a process called endocytosis. The term ‘endocytosis' was first coined by Christian de Duve in 1963.
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The Microscopy-Based Assay to Study and Analyze the Recycling Endosomes using SNARE Trafficking
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Recycling endosomes.

James R Goldenring1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; The Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; The Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

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Summary

The endosomal membrane recycling system sorts and re-exports cellular components using distinct pathways. This system is crucial for maintaining specialized cell surface structures like primary cilia.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Membrane Trafficking
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The endosomal system is vital for cellular organization and communication.
  • Membrane recycling ensures proper cell surface function and integrity.
  • Specialized structures like primary cilia and microvilli require precise membrane delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the functional organization of the endosomal membrane recycling system.
  • To understand how distinct trafficking pathways contribute to cargo specificity.
  • To investigate the role of recycling pathways in apical membrane specialization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced microscopy techniques to visualize recycling pathways.
  • Employed biochemical assays to identify cargo-protein interactions.
  • Performed genetic manipulation to disrupt specific recycling components.

Main Results:

  • Identified multiple tubulovesicular recycling pathways within the endosomal system.
  • Demonstrated distinct trafficking routes for different internalized membrane cargoes.
  • Showcased the involvement of recycling elements in primary cilia and microvilli assembly.

Conclusions:

  • The endosomal recycling system employs diverse pathways for specific cargo sorting.
  • This system plays a critical role in maintaining apical membrane architecture and function.
  • Understanding these pathways is key to comprehending cellular homeostasis and development.