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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Peanut and tree nut allergy.

Amanda Cox1, Scott H Sicherer

  • 1Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, N.Y., USA.

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Peanut and tree nut allergies are a significant global health issue, potentially increasing without clear reasons. Identifying major allergens offers insights for diagnosis and future treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Food allergy research
  • Immunology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Peanut and tree nut allergies represent a major global health concern.
  • The increasing prevalence of these allergies is not fully understood.
  • These allergies are a leading cause of severe and fatal food-allergic reactions.

Observation:

  • Allergies typically manifest in childhood but can affect individuals at any age.
  • While allergy resolution is possible, it is uncommon.
  • Accidental ingestion leads to frequent, serious reactions throughout a patient's life.

Findings:

  • Key allergens in peanuts and most tree nuts have been identified.
  • This identification aids in understanding patient diagnoses and clinical outcomes.
  • Knowledge of major allergens opens avenues for developing future immunotherapies.

Implications:

  • Improved diagnostic tools for peanut and tree nut allergies.
  • Potential for novel therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy.
  • Enhanced management and prevention of severe allergic reactions to nuts.