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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Zebrafish Animal Model for the Study of Allergic Reactions in Response to Tick Saliva Biomolecules
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Fish and shellfish allergy.

Meera Thalayasingam1, Bee-Wah Lee

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore.

Chemical Immunology and Allergy
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This summary is machine-generated.

Fish and shellfish allergies are persistent, often lifelong conditions affecting 0.5-5% of people. Diagnosis involves medical history, allergy tests, and sometimes food challenges, with strict avoidance as the primary management strategy.

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Area of Science:

  • Food allergy research
  • Immunology
  • Clinical nutrition

Background:

  • Global fish and shellfish consumption is rising, alongside increased reports of adverse reactions.
  • Prevalence of fish and shellfish allergy ranges from 0.5% to 5% worldwide.
  • Fish allergy typically emerges in early life, while shellfish allergy often develops in adolescence or later.

Observation:

  • Both fish and shellfish allergies are generally persistent, with limited data on their natural history.
  • Shellfish allergy can manifest in diverse ways, from localized reactions to severe anaphylaxis.
  • Key allergens include parvalbumin and tropomyosin, known for their heat and biochemical stability.

Findings:

  • Allergen stability contributes to the long-term nature of these allergies.
  • Diagnostic methods include detailed patient history, skin prick tests, and in-vitro specific IgE assays.
  • Oral food challenges may be necessary for definitive diagnosis.

Implications:

  • Current management focuses on strict allergen avoidance and emergency preparedness with adrenaline auto-injectors.
  • Further research is needed to understand the natural history and develop targeted therapies.
  • No clinical trials currently exist for oral immunotherapy in fish or shellfish allergy treatment.