Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

1.6K
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
1.6K
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

3.2K
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
3.2K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.4K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.4K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

5.1K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
5.1K
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

3.0K
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
3.0K
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

303
Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
303

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Malignancy-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: An Experience of 15 Years in Polish Pediatric Hematology Centers.

Journal of blood medicine·2026
Same author

Diagnostic Value of Serum Periostin for Cyst Involution in Children with Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same author

Evaluation of Total Homocysteine Levels in Relation to Abdominal Fat Mass and Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adolescents.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

A Novel Pathogenic Variant of the <i>AVPR2</i> Gene Leading to Arginine Vasopressin Resistance Since the Neonatal Period.

Genes·2025
Same author

The Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment Beyond Growth Promotion in Patients with Genetic Syndromes: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024
Same author

Clinical and molecular characteristics of Kabuki syndrome patients with missense variants-novel features and literature review.

Frontiers in genetics·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function
09:20

An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function

Published on: May 4, 2021

4.4K

Regulatory T Cells in Obesity.

Anna M Kucharska1, Beata Pyrżak, Urszula Demkow

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 24 Marszalkowska St., 00-576, Warsaw, Poland, anna.kucharska@litewska.edu.pl.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Obesity pathogenesis involves inflammation from excess adipose tissue and altered regulatory T cells (Tregs) in visceral fat. This review details how these VAT-resident Tregs impact inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherogenesis.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells
07:09

Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells

Published on: May 22, 2013

37.3K
Author Spotlight: Semi-Automated Isolation of the Stromal Vascular Fraction from Murine White Adipose Tissue Using a Tissue Dissociator
06:08

Author Spotlight: Semi-Automated Isolation of the Stromal Vascular Fraction from Murine White Adipose Tissue Using a Tissue Dissociator

Published on: May 19, 2023

3.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function
09:20

An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function

Published on: May 4, 2021

4.4K
Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells
07:09

Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells

Published on: May 22, 2013

37.3K
Author Spotlight: Semi-Automated Isolation of the Stromal Vascular Fraction from Murine White Adipose Tissue Using a Tissue Dissociator
06:08

Author Spotlight: Semi-Automated Isolation of the Stromal Vascular Fraction from Murine White Adipose Tissue Using a Tissue Dissociator

Published on: May 19, 2023

3.1K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Adipose Tissue Biology

Background:

  • Obesity is linked to chronic inflammation driven by excess adipose tissue.
  • Visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-resident regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a role in obesity pathogenesis.
  • Understanding VAT-resident Treg alterations is crucial for metabolic disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe mechanisms altering VAT-resident Treg number and function in obesity.
  • To review the role of Tregs in obesity-related inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherogenesis.
  • To examine the influence of adipocytokines and insulin on VAT-resident Tregs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on obesity, adipose tissue, and regulatory T cells.
  • Analysis of mechanisms affecting VAT-resident Treg populations.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on Treg function in metabolic health.

Main Results:

  • Excess adipose tissue in obesity leads to inflammation.
  • Alterations in VAT-resident Treg number and function contribute to obesity pathogenesis.
  • Tregs influence key metabolic processes including insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular health.

Conclusions:

  • VAT-resident Tregs are critical players in obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.
  • Adipocytokines and insulin significantly modulate VAT-resident Treg behavior.
  • Targeting VAT-resident Tregs may offer therapeutic strategies for obesity and related comorbidities.