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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area.
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection
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Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection

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Klotho/FGF23 Axis in CKD.

Ken Tsuchiya1, Nobuo Nagano, Kosaku Nitta

  • 1Department of Medicine IV, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Contributions to Nephrology
|May 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) mineral and bone disorder (MBD) involves Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Understanding their roles in CKD-MBD is crucial for clinical practice and patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), characterized by bone abnormalities, altered serum parameters, and vascular calcification.
  • Klotho, an aging-related protein, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a bone-derived factor, are implicated in CKD-MBD pathophysiology.
  • The interplay between Klotho and FGF23 in kidney function and mineral homeostasis is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathophysiology of Klotho and FGF23 in the context of CKD-MBD.
  • To highlight the emerging roles of Klotho and FGF23 as potential surrogate markers in CKD.
  • To discuss the clinical implications of understanding these factors in CKD management.

Main Methods:

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Demonstrating a Linear Relationship Between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Luteinizing Hormone in Kidney Cortex Extracts
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  • Review of existing literature on Klotho, FGF23, and CKD-MBD.
  • Analysis of the functional relationship between Klotho and FGF23 in renal phosphate and vitamin D regulation.
  • Examination of clinical data regarding blood Klotho and FGF23 levels in CKD patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Klotho acts as a cofactor for FGF23, mediating its effects on phosphate and vitamin D metabolism in the kidney.
    • Elevated blood levels of Klotho and FGF23 are observed early in CKD progression.
    • These elevated levels are associated with patient life expectancy, suggesting their utility as surrogate markers.

    Conclusions:

    • Klotho and FGF23 play significant roles in the pathogenesis of CKD-MBD.
    • Their levels serve as important indicators in early CKD stages and may predict patient outcomes.
    • Further research into Klotho and FGF23 is essential for advancing clinical practice in managing CKD-MBD.