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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Finger-stick Blood Sampling Methodology for the Determination of Exercise-induced Lymphocyte Apoptosis
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Apoptotic lymphocytes induce progenitor cell mobilization after exercise.

Frank C Mooren1, Karsten Krüger2

  • 1Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany frank-christoph.mooren@sport.uni-giessen.de.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|May 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Exercise training reduces exercise-induced apoptosis and progenitor cell mobilization in mice. Apoptotic cells can signal to mobilize hematopoietic progenitor cells, suggesting a role in exercise adaptation.

Keywords:
cell deathexercise trainingstem cellstrainings status

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Apoptotic cells possess immunomodulatory and signaling functions.
  • The impact of training status on exercise-induced apoptosis and progenitor cell mobilization is not fully understood.
  • The potential role of dying cells in mobilizing progenitor cells requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if training status affects exercise-induced apoptosis and progenitor cell mobilization.
  • To investigate whether circulating apoptotic cells can mobilize progenitor cells.
  • To explore the signaling mechanisms underlying these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Endurance training in CD1 SWISS mice, followed by an intensive exercise test.
  • Flow cytometry analysis of blood and bone marrow cells for apoptosis and progenitor cell markers (Sca-1, c-kit, Flk).
  • In vivo transfer of apoptotic cells to assess progenitor cell mobilization.

Main Results:

  • Untrained mice showed increased lymphocyte apoptosis and progenitor cell mobilization post-exercise; trained mice did not.
  • Administration of apoptotic cells mobilized Sca-1(+)/c-kit(+) progenitor cells in recipient mice.
  • Mobilization of progenitor cells was dependent on training status and the presence of apoptotic cells.

Conclusions:

  • Training status similarly affects lymphocyte apoptosis and progenitor cell mobilization in response to exercise.
  • Apoptotic cells appear to release signals that mobilize hematopoietic progenitor cells.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the relevance of these findings for exercise adaptation.