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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

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Neonatal mastitis: a clinico-microbiological study.

Talat Masoodi1, Gowhar Nazir Mufti2, Javeed Iqbal Bhat3

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Bemina, Kashmir, India.

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Summary

Neonatal mastitis and breast abscesses are often caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Early intervention with intravenous antibiotics and drainage procedures, alongside parental counseling to avoid breast massage, is crucial for effective treatment and prevention.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Infectious diseases
  • Pediatric surgery

Background:

  • Neonatal breast hypertrophy is common; however, superadded infections can lead to mastitis and abscesses.
  • These infections pose risks for detrimental short- and long-term effects in neonates.
  • Understanding prevalence, risk factors, and microbial profiles is essential for optimal management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of neonatal mastitis and breast abscesses.
  • To determine the current microbial profile and antibiotic sensitivity patterns.
  • To guide the development of an optimal treatment strategy for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A case series of 32 neonates with mastitis or abscess was conducted.
  • Data included demographics, clinical presentation, and laboratory work-up (Gram stain, culture, antibiotic sensitivity).
  • Treatment outcomes for various interventions, including antibiotics and drainage techniques, were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (18 cases), with resistance to macrolides and penicillins.
  • Gram-negative rods were identified in some cases, showing sensitivity to specific antibiotics but resistance to cephalosporins.
  • Incision and drainage combined with intravenous antibiotics demonstrated effective treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Parental counseling against breast massage and prompt treatment of pustulosis are key preventive measures.
  • Intravenous antibiotics, guided by Gram stain or culture sensitivity, are recommended.
  • Surgical drainage (incision or needle aspiration) is effective, with a transition to oral antibiotics upon clinical improvement.