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Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility

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Published on: August 8, 2014

Upper midwest climate variations: farmer responses to excess water risks.

Lois Wright Morton, Jonathan Hobbs, J Gordon Arbuckle

Journal of Environmental Quality

|May 30, 2015

Summary

Farmers adapt to increased precipitation and soil saturation by using practices like no-till and cover crops. Localized climate data and experiences significantly influence these adaptive management strategies for soil and water conservation.

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Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

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Published on: April 17, 2015

Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Environmental Science
Climate Science

Background:

Persistent above-average precipitation and runoff increase sediment, soil, and nutrient loss from farmlands.
The US Upper Midwest faces a 37% precipitation increase (1958-2012), causing crop damage and resource degradation.
Farmer adaptive management is crucial for mitigating crop losses and improving soil and water resources.

Purpose of the Study:

To model how geophysical context, weather, on-farm experiences, and risk perceptions influence farmer management practices.
To understand farmer adaptation strategies in response to changing climate conditions in the US Upper Midwest.

Main Methods:

Utilized a farmer survey (n=4778) and climate data (1971-2011).
Modeled influences of precipitation, soil saturation, land characteristics, and market access on management adoption.
Analyzed regional and localized climate variations and their association with farmer practices.

Main Results:

Increased warm-season precipitation correlated positively with no-till, drainage, and planting on highly erodible land (HEL).
Experience with saturated soils led to increased drainage use but decreased adoption of no-till, cover crops, and HEL planting.
Farmers in areas with marginal soils and those selling corn through multiple markets were more likely to adopt conservation practices like cover crops and planting on HEL.

Conclusions:

Farmer adoption of adaptive management practices is influenced by a combination of regional climate, localized experiences, and land characteristics.
Perceived and actual on-farm climate experiences are more influential than broad regional climate data for adaptation.
Downscaled, localized climate information can enhance the effectiveness of specific farmer adaptation strategies for soil and water conservation.