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Zero Volt Paper Spray Ionization and Its Mechanism.

Michael Wleklinski1, Yafeng Li1, Soumabha Bag1

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Zero volt paper spray (PS) offers a gentler ionization method for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. A proposed mechanism explains ion formation from uncharged droplets, applicable to various analytes.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Paper spray (PS) ionization is a common technique in mass spectrometry.
  • Existing methods like kV PS and nanoelectrospray ionization (nESI) have limitations regarding analyte charge effects.
  • A need exists for gentler ionization techniques to better understand analyte behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the analytical performance of zero volt paper spray.
  • To propose and validate a mechanism for ion generation in zero volt paper spray.
  • To compare zero volt paper spray with existing ionization methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized chromatography paper for zero volt paper spray.
  • Generated spray using the pneumatic force of the mass spectrometer vacuum.
  • Employed Monte Carlo simulations to model ion formation from uncharged droplets.
  • Compared results with standard kV paper spray and nanoelectrospray ionization.

Main Results:

  • Zero volt paper spray is applicable to a similar range of analytes as kV PS and nESI.
  • Lower analyte surface activity effects observed due to significantly lower charge in zero volt PS.
  • Signal intensity is lower compared to kV PS and nESI.
  • Monte Carlo simulations accurately predicted detection limits and explained ionization efficiencies.

Conclusions:

  • Zero volt paper spray provides a gentler ionization method with distinct characteristics.
  • A statistical fluctuation model explains ion production from initially uncharged droplets.
  • The proposed mechanism is relevant for understanding other voltage-free ionization techniques.