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Gender differences in anger expression: health implications.

S P Thomas1

  • 1Center for Nursing Research, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-4110.

Research in Nursing & Health
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Men and women show similar anger suppression (anger-in) and outward anger (anger-out) expression. However, women more frequently discuss anger and experience physical anger symptoms, which correlate with poorer health.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Health Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Understanding gender differences in anger expression is crucial for health outcomes.
  • Previous research has yielded mixed results regarding gender and anger expression modes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine gender differences in anger expression modes (anger-in, anger-out, anger-discuss, anger-symptoms) in mid-life adults.
  • To investigate the relationship between anger expression modes and health status.
  • To identify correlates of anger symptoms and explore gender-specific patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 139 mid-life men and women.
  • Data collected in Tennessee, building on a study initiated in 1982.
  • Statistical analyses, including t tests, to compare gender differences and correlations.

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Main Results:

  • No significant gender differences in anger-in or anger-out expression.
  • Women reported higher rates of discussing anger and expressing anger through physical symptoms.
  • Expression of anger via physical symptoms was the only mode linked to poorer health.
  • Lower education, optimism, poorer health habits, and external locus of control correlated with anger symptoms.
  • Gender-specific findings included women with anger symptomatology also exhibiting anger-out behaviors and blaming others.

Conclusions:

  • While basic anger expression modes do not differ by gender, women are more prone to discussing anger and experiencing physical symptoms.
  • Expressing anger through physical symptoms is detrimental to health, irrespective of gender.
  • Anger symptoms are associated with psychological and behavioral factors, with unique patterns observed in women.