Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of a genogroup GVI feline norovirus

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Molecular Biology
• Veterinary Medicine

Background:

• Norovirus (NoV) is classified into six genogroups (GI-GVI).
• Feline noroviruses (FNoV) are emerging pathogens with limited characterization.
• Understanding norovirus diversity and evolution is crucial for public and animal health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and characterize a novel feline norovirus (FNoV) strain.
• To investigate the genetic origin and potential recombination events of the novel FNoV.
• To assess the pathogenicity of the novel FNoV in cats.

Main Methods:

• Identification of a novel FNoV M49-1 strain.
• Sequence analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and VP1 genes.
• Simplot analysis to determine potential recombination events.
• Experimental inoculation of specific pathogen-free cats with FNoV M49-1.

Main Results:

• The FNoV M49-1 strain exhibited high homology in its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase with GIV FNoV and GIV lion norovirus.
• The VP1 gene of FNoV M49-1 showed high homology with GVI canine norovirus (CNoV).
• Simplot analysis indicated recombination between GIV.2 FNoV and GVI.1 CNoV as the likely origin of FNoV M49-1.
• Inoculated cats developed diarrhea, and viral RNA was detected in feces and blood, confirming pathogenicity.

Conclusions:

• A novel feline norovirus (FNoV) M49-1 strain was identified.
• The FNoV M49-1 strain likely arose from recombination between feline and canine noroviruses.
• This novel strain is pathogenic in cats, causing clinical signs and systemic viral shedding.