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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
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Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
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Brugada ECG patterns in athletes.

Eugene H Chung1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology, UNC School of Medicine, 160 Dental Circle, CB 7075, Chapel Hill, NC.

Journal of Electrocardiology
|June 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brugada syndrome, a cause of sudden cardiac death, involves abnormal heart electrical activity. This review clarifies diagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns and evaluation criteria, especially for athletes.

Keywords:
AthletesBrugada patternHigh lead ECG

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Sudden Cardiac Death

Background:

  • Brugada syndrome accounts for significant sudden cardiac deaths globally, particularly in individuals with structurally normal hearts.
  • The arrhythmogenic substrate is linked to heterogeneous repolarization and depolarization in the right ventricle's outflow tract.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review Brugada syndrome, its electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns, and diagnostic criteria.
  • To address challenges in distinguishing Brugada patterns, especially in athletes.
  • To provide recommendations for evaluating Brugada ECG patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Brugada syndrome and ECG patterns.
  • Analysis of proposed criteria for assessing Brugada ECG patterns.
  • Emphasis on the importance of correct precordial ECG lead placement.

Main Results:

  • The diagnostic coved Type I ECG pattern is infrequently observed.
  • Differentiating Type 2 (saddleback) and other Brugada-like patterns poses diagnostic challenges.
  • Various criteria exist for assessing Brugada ECG patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate ECG interpretation and lead placement are crucial for diagnosing Brugada syndrome.
  • Recent criteria and evaluation recommendations are presented to aid clinicians.
  • Further clarity is needed for differentiating Brugada patterns, particularly in specific populations like athletes.