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Related Concept Videos

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
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Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
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Environmental Adaptations Improve Everyday Action in Schizophrenia.

Rachel K Kessler1, Emma Rhodes1, Tania Giovannetti1

  • 1Department of Psychology,Temple University,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania.

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|June 2, 2015
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Environmental adaptations can help individuals with schizophrenia improve daily task performance. This study shows user-centered adaptations reduce errors without extensive training, aiding functional outcomes.

Keywords:
CognitionCognitive remediationEnvironmental adaptationsEveryday actionExecutive functionsSchizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Rehabilitation Psychology

Background:

  • Executive functioning is crucial for daily life in schizophrenia.
  • Cognitive remediation improves cognition but not always adaptive functioning.
  • Adjunctive strategies are needed for functional gains in chronic schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if environmental adaptations, without training, can improve daily task performance in schizophrenia.
  • To determine how these adaptations affect performance and cognitive correlates.
  • To assess the efficacy of user-centered design in overcoming cognitive challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-two individuals with chronic schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder participated.
  • Cognitive measures and two versions of the Naturalistic Action Test (NAT) were used: standard (ST-NAT) and user-centered (UC-NAT).
  • Performance differences between NAT versions and their cognitive correlates were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Participants made significantly fewer errors on the UC-NAT compared to the ST-NAT across all error types.
  • UC-NAT performance showed no significant association with executive function planning measures.
  • Environmental adaptations facilitated task completion with reduced errors.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental adaptations can be effectively implemented without extensive training to enhance everyday functioning in schizophrenia.
  • Adaptations that simplify planning demands appear most beneficial for this population.
  • User-centered design offers a promising approach to circumvent cognitive deficits and improve adaptive outcomes.