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Manipulating miRNA Expression: A Novel Approach for Colon Cancer Prevention and Chemotherapy
Satish Ramalingam1, Dharmalingam Subramaniam1, Shrikant Anant1
1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
Abstract:
Small non-coding RNA has been implicated in the control of various cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. About 50% of the miRNA genes are positioned in cancer-associated genomic regions. Several studies have shown that miRNA expression is deregulated in cancer and modulating their expression has reversed the cancer phenotype. Therefore, mechanisms to modulate microRNA (miRNA) activity have provided a novel opportunity for cancer prevention and therapy. In addition, a common cause for development of colorectal cancers is environmental and lifestyle factors. One such factor, diet has been shown to modulate miRNA expression in colorectal cancer patients. In this chapter, we will summarize the work demonstrating that miRNAs are novel promising drug targets for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Improved delivery, increased stability and enhanced regulation of off-target effects will overcome the current challenges of this exciting approach in the field of cancer prevention and therapy.
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of cellular processes and show promise for cancer therapy. Diet influences miRNA expression, offering new avenues for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Oncology
Background:
- Small non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate crucial cellular functions like proliferation and apoptosis.
- Dysregulated miRNA expression is a hallmark of cancer, and manipulating miRNA activity presents a therapeutic opportunity.
- Environmental and lifestyle factors, including diet, significantly impact miRNA expression, particularly in colorectal cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of miRNAs in cancer development and progression.
- To highlight miRNAs as promising therapeutic targets for cancer chemoprevention and treatment.
- To discuss the influence of dietary factors on miRNA expression in colorectal cancer.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating miRNA deregulation in cancer.
- Analysis of research on miRNA modulation for cancer therapy.
- Examination of dietary impacts on miRNA expression in colorectal cancer patients.
Main Results:
- miRNA genes are frequently located in cancer-associated genomic regions.
- Modulating miRNA expression can reverse cancer phenotypes.
- Dietary interventions show potential for altering miRNA profiles relevant to colorectal cancer.
Conclusions:
- MicroRNAs represent novel and promising drug targets for cancer chemoprevention and therapy.
- Overcoming challenges in miRNA delivery, stability, and off-target effects is crucial for clinical success.
- Dietary modulation of miRNAs offers a potential strategy for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment.
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