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Related Concept Videos

Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation01:25

Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation

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Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...
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Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

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There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
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Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

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Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
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Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

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Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
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Related Experiment Video

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Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes
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Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

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Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome.

Safal Shetty1, Sairam Parthasarathy2

  • 1Division Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave., Rm 2342D, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA, Tel: 520-626-6109.

Current Pulmonology Reports
|June 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, a breathing disorder in severe obesity, requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious health issues. Management includes positive airway pressure therapies and weight loss.

Keywords:
Noninvasive ventilationObesityObesity hypoventilation syndromeObstructive sleep apnea

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Obesity Medicine

Background:

  • Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is a respiratory disorder linked to severe obesity.
  • It causes alveolar hypoventilation during both sleep and wakefulness.
  • OHS results from impaired respiratory mechanics, reduced ventilatory drive, and sleep-disordered breathing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current concepts in the clinical presentation of OHS.
  • To outline diagnostic strategies for identifying OHS.
  • To discuss management approaches for OHS.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • It synthesizes current knowledge on OHS.
  • Literature search on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.

Main Results:

  • Delayed diagnosis and treatment of OHS are associated with significant mortality and morbidity.
  • Treatment options include non-invasive positive airway pressure (PAP) therapies and weight loss.
  • Limited long-term data exists on the effectiveness of current therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification and intervention are crucial for patients with OHS.
  • Effective management strategies are essential to improve outcomes.
  • Further research is needed on long-term treatment efficacy.