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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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Microbial fermentation is central to food biotechnology, enhancing flavor, texture, preservation, and stability. Fermentative microorganisms metabolize carbohydrates into organic acids, alcohols, and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and improve digestibility while contributing distinctive sensory qualities.In baking, amylases naturally present in flour hydrolyze starch into monosaccharides such as glucose, which Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments anaerobically. Through...
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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Metagenomic Analysis of Silage
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Rumen microbiome from steers differing in feed efficiency.

Phillip R Myer1, Timothy P L Smith1, James E Wells1

  • 1USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, United States of America.

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|June 2, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rumen microbial populations in cattle show significant shifts related to feed efficiency, influencing weight gain. Understanding these microbiome variations can improve cattle feed efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Microbiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The cattle rumen hosts a complex microbial ecosystem vital for plant material digestion.
  • Variations in body weight (BW) gain in mammals are linked to gut microbial composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the rumen microbiome in steers with differing feed efficiency.
  • To identify microbial taxa associated with variations in feed conversion.

Main Methods:

  • Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing of rumen fluid from steers with measured feed intake and BW gain.
  • Analysis of microbial community structure and abundance in relation to feed efficiency groups.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in rumen microbial diversity or richness were observed.
  • Significant population shifts in specific bacterial taxa, including Firmicutes and Lentisphaerae, were associated with feed efficiency.
  • Genera such as Succiniclasticum, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, and Prevotella showed differential abundance.

Conclusions:

  • The rumen microbiome composition, particularly at the 16S rRNA gene level, is associated with feed efficiency in cattle.
  • Identifying specific microbial players can lead to strategies for improving cattle growth and feed conversion.