Fluorescence Response of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte in an Immiscible Two-Phase System via Nonelectrostatic...

This paper reports a unique fluorescence (FL) response and diverse applications of conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) through nonelectrostatic interaction with appropriate (bio)surfactants in an immiscible two-phase system. A sulfonated microporous conjugated polymer (SMCP) with a conformation-variable intramolecular stacked structure was used as the CPE film. Despite the extremely high hydrophilicity, the SMCP film responded significantly to the hydrophobic circumstances, either physicochemically or electronically, in the presence of water-in-oil (w/o)-type nonionic surfactants with appropriate hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values. The polymer film became fully wet with hydrophobic solvents due to the addition of small amounts of (bio)surfactant to reveal remarkable FL emission enhancement and chromism. Microcontact and inkjet printing using the SMCP film (or SMCP-adsorbed paper) and the surfactant solution as substrate and ink, respectively, provided high-resolution FL images due to the distinctive surfactant-induced FL change (SIFC) characteristic. Moreover, the additional electrostatic interaction of SMCP film with oppositely charged surfactants further enhanced the FL emission. Our findings will help comprehensive understanding of the nonelectrostatic SIFC mechanism of CPEs and development of novel SIFC-active materials.