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Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection
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Stool Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening.

Douglas J Robertson1, Thomas F Imperiale2

  • 1Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, and Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth Institute, Hanover, New Hampshire.

Gastroenterology
|June 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noninvasive stool tests like fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) and stool DNA (sDNA) can improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates. Research is ongoing for new stool biomarkers, including RNA and protein-based tests.

Keywords:
BiomarkersColorectal Cancer ScreeningFecal Immunochemical TestStool DNA

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening significantly reduces incidence and mortality.
  • Despite proven benefits, a substantial portion of the population remains unscreened for CRC.
  • Noninvasive stool-based tests present a promising avenue to increase CRC screening uptake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an up-to-date overview of noninvasive stool-based colorectal cancer screening methods.
  • To review currently available stool tests, specifically fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) and stool DNA (sDNA).
  • To explore emerging stool biomarker options, including RNA and protein-based tests.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on noninvasive stool-based CRC screening.
  • Detailed examination of the evidence supporting fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) and stool DNA (sDNA).
  • Overview of ongoing research into novel stool biomarkers such as RNA and protein.

Main Results:

  • Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) and stool DNA (sDNA) are established, commercially available stool-based CRC screening tests.
  • Growing evidence supports the efficacy and utility of both FIT and sDNA in CRC screening.
  • Several other stool biomarkers, including RNA and protein-based assays, are under active investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Noninvasive stool-based screening, particularly FIT and sDNA, offers a valuable strategy to enhance CRC screening participation.
  • Continued research into novel stool biomarkers holds potential for further advancements in early CRC detection.
  • These evolving stool tests are crucial for improving population-level CRC screening rates and outcomes.