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Hyperthyroidism in children.

Shylaja Srinivasan¹, Madhusmita Misra¹

¹Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Pediatrics in Review

|June 3, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood hyperthyroidism, often Graves

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Endocrinology
Thyroid Disorders
Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

Hyperthyroidism in children is a rare but serious condition with potential growth and developmental impacts if untreated.
Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder caused by thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies, accounts for over 95% of pediatric hyperthyroidism cases.
Neonatal hyperthyroidism can occur due to transplacental antibody transfer from mothers with Graves' disease.

Observation:

Diagnosis involves clinical assessment and thyroid function tests, showing suppressed thyrotropin and elevated thyroid hormones.
Radioactive iodine uptake and antibody tests help identify the cause.

Findings:

Treatment options include antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, and surgery.
Methimazole is preferred over propylthiouracil due to hepatotoxicity risks.
Thyroid storm is a critical endocrine emergency in decompensated children.

Implications:

Neonatal hyperthyroidism can arise from maternal Graves' disease.
Effective management is crucial to prevent growth and developmental complications.
Long-term treatment is often necessary for pediatric Graves' disease.