Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with early stages of chronic kidney disease
Parsa Yousefi Chaijan1, Mojtaba Sharafkhah2, Bahman Salehi3
1Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. parsayosefichaijan@yahoo.com.
Insights
This study found no significant difference in the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) between children with early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) and healthy children. Further research is recommended to explore the relationship between ADHD and CKD in pediatric populations.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Child Neurology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurological disorder in children.
- The prevalence of ADHD may be influenced by chronic diseases.
- Investigating ADHD in children with early chronic kidney disease (CKD) is important.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of ADHD in children with early-stage CKD.
- To compare ADHD rates in children with early CKD to those in healthy children.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study included 75 children (ages 5-16) with early-stage CKD (stages 1-3) and 75 healthy controls.
- ADHD diagnosis utilized Conner's Parent Rating Scale-48 (CPRS-48) and DSM-IV criteria, confirmed by a psychologist.
- Data were analyzed using the Binomial test in SPSS.
Main Results:
- ADHD inattentive type: 10.6% in CKD cases vs. 2.6% in controls (p=0.109).
- ADHD hyperactive-impulsive type: 9.3% in CKD cases vs. 8% in controls (p=0.997).
- ADHD mixed type: 12% in CKD cases vs. 16% in controls (p=0.664).
Conclusions:
- No significant differences in ADHD prevalence were observed between children with early CKD and controls.
- Further research is recommended due to the importance of psychiatric disorders in CKD and limited evidence.
- Exploring the ADHD-CKD relationship across different pediatric stages is warranted.
Background:
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood neurological disorder. This disorder is more prevalent in some chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate ADHD in children with early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to compare it with healthy children.
Methods:
Seventy five 5-16-year-old children with early stages of CKD (stage 1, 2 and 3) and 75 healthy children without CKD were included in this case - control study as case and control groups, respectively. The participants were selected from those children who were referred to the pediatric clinic of Amir Kabir Hospital of Arak (Iran) in the form of simple probability and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. ADHD was diagnosed using Conner's Parent Rating Scale - 48 (CPRS-48) and DSM-IV criteria and was confirmed by a psychologist consultant. Data were analyzed by Binomial test in SPSS18.
Results:
ADHD inattentive type was observed in 8 cases (10.6%) with CKD and 2 controls (2.6%) (p= 0.109). Moreover, in the case and control groups, 7 (9.3%) and 6 (8%) children were affected by ADHD hyperactiveimpulsive type (p= 0.997), and 9 (12%) and 12 (16%) children were affected by ADHD mixed type (p= 0.664), respectively.
Conclusion:
No differences were found between the prevalence of ADHD in the children with early stages of CKD and the control group. However, due to the importance of the relationships between different types of psychiatric disorders and CKD and lack of enough evidence concerning the relationship between ADHD and different stages of CKD in children, conducting further studies in this field is recommended.
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