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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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Special considerations while measuring blood pressure01:28

Special considerations while measuring blood pressure

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When assessing blood pressure (BP), healthcare professionals must consider various factors and potential unexpected outcomes to ensure accurate readings and provide proper patient care. Adhering to these guidelines is essential to achieving the most reliable results.
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Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

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Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
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Considerations in parathyroid hormone testing.

Etienne Cavalier, Mario Plebani, Pierre Delanaye

    Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
    |June 3, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Accurate parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurement is crucial for diagnosing diseases. Pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical factors significantly impact PTH test results, requiring careful consideration for reliable clinical information.

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    Area of Science:

    • Clinical chemistry
    • Laboratory medicine
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is vital for phosphocalcic metabolism.
    • Accurate PTH measurement is essential for diagnosing and managing various diseases.
    • PTH assays are complex due to circulating fragments and peptide instability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the critical factors affecting PTH determination quality.
    • To discuss challenges in pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases of PTH testing.
    • To emphasize the need for standardized protocols and improved interpretation criteria for PTH values.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of pre-analytical variables (sample stability, handling, storage, timing).
    • Analysis of analytical challenges (cross-reactivity with PTH fragments).
    • Examination of post-analytical considerations (reference ranges, influencing factors like gender, race, vitamin D).

    Main Results:

    • Pre-analytical variables like sample handling and storage significantly impact PTH stability and measurement accuracy.
    • Analytical interference from truncated PTH fragments can lead to inaccurate results.
    • Post-analytical interpretation requires updated reference ranges considering demographic and clinical factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimizing pre- and intra-analytical phases is crucial for reliable PTH testing.
    • Addressing analytical interferences and establishing robust post-analytical interpretation guidelines are necessary.
    • Revised clinical guidelines improve the accuracy of PTH value interpretation for better patient care.