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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
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Parts of an ECG
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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
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Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

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Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
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Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
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Updated: Apr 11, 2026

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation
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[ICD leads].

Carsten W Israel1, Mohamed Karim Sheta

  • 1Klinik für Innere Medizin - Kardiologie, Diabetologie & Nephrologie, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bielefeld, Burgsteig 13, 33617, Bielefeld, Deutschland, Carsten.Israel@evkb.de.

Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie
|June 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads require safe function and stability. Technical advancements improved ICD leads, but some designs led to failures, highlighting the need for better registries and experienced implanters.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads are crucial for managing ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
  • Leads must ensure safe pacing, sensing, detection, and high-energy shock delivery.
  • Requirements include simple implantation, long-term stability, and safe extractability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the technological evolution of ICD leads.
  • To examine the association between lead design and clinical performance.
  • To identify factors contributing to lead failures and inform optimal ICD therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ICD lead technology and clinical outcomes.
  • Analysis of historical developments in lead design, materials, and manufacturing.
  • Examination of reported lead failures and their detection timelines.

Main Results:

  • Numerous technical developments have largely met ICD lead expectations.
  • Specific lead models (Medtronic Sprint Fidelis®, St. Jude Medical Riata®) showed increased failure rates.
  • Delayed identification of failures was partly due to a lack of comprehensive ICD lead registries.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal ICD therapy necessitates advanced, reliable leads and skilled implanters.
  • Improved patient outcomes depend on continuous technological refinement and post-market surveillance.
  • The development of robust registries is essential for timely detection of device-related issues.